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Toluene, is an organic compound, chemical formula C7H8, is a colorless, with a special aroma of volatile liquids, aromatic hydrocarbons. Strong refractive index. With ethanol, ether, acetone, chloroform, carbon disulfide and glacial acetic acid miscible, insoluble in water. Flammable, vapor can form an explosive mixture with air, and the volume concentration of the mixture can explode when it is in a lower range. Low toxicity, median lethal dose (rat, oral) 5000 mg/kg. High concentrations of gases are narcotic and irritating.
Toluene is an important chemical raw material, which can be used in the manufacture of spray paint, explosives, pesticides, benzoic acid, dyes, synthetic resins and polyester. Toluene can also be used as a solvent, and it is also one of the components of gasoline.
Toluene is very stable under normal conditions, but it can react violently with acid or oxidant. Its chemical properties are similar to phenol and benzene, and its reactivity is between the two. Toluene corrodes plastics and must be stored in glass containers. In an oxidation reaction (e. g. with hot alkaline potassium permanganate solution), toluene can be oxidized to benzoic acid by benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and finally. Toluene is mainly capable of free radical substitution, electrophilic substitution and free radical addition reactions. Nucleophilic reactions occur less often. Toluene can undergo radical substitution reactions with certain reactants (e. g., bromine) on the methyl group under heat or light irradiation.
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